Cardiac Catheterization
Cardiac Catheterization can be used in numerous applications, namely investigational or interventional surgery. From what I was told, you have a camera inserted into a blood vessel in your leg. The camera is directed to your heart, where doctors can examine both the arteries surrounding the heart, as well as into the chambers of the heart itself, looking for any types of blockages or problems that may be occurring.
It is just astonishing what doctors can do these days with some modern technology.
(via an email I received that mentioned the term, a doctor that I met on Friday night, and wiki, of course)